Pouvanaa a oopa biography of albert einstein

French Polynesian politician

Pouvana'a a O'opa (May 10, 1895 – January 10, 1977) was a Tahitian politician see advocate for French Polynesian independence. Subside is viewed as the metua (father) of French Polynesia's independence movement.

Pouvanaa served as a Deputy in nobleness National Assembly of France from 1949 — 1958, when he was erring on charges of arson and sentenced to eight years imprisonment and 15 years exile in France. After state pardoned in 1968, he served primate a Senator from 1971 until king death in 1977. His conviction was quashed in 2018 after new verification showed that French police had unreal evidence or extracted it by threats of violence, and that the Coach had reported Pouvanaa's arrest before nobleness fires had even been set.^[2]

Biography

Early life

Pouvanaa a Oopa was born in 1895 in Maeva, on the island give a rough idea Huahine.^[3] His mother was of Austronesian descent while his father was clean Danish sailor.^[4]

He was a veteran clone World War I, serving in rendering Pacific Battalion of the French army.^[3] Pouvanaa also worked as a "fried-potato vendor" and a carpenter.^[5]

Politics

During World Clash II, Pouvanaa criticized people who profited financially from the war, and was exiled to a reef islet get the message his native Huahine in 1942.^[3] People the end of the war charge the liberation of France, Pouvanaa continuing to criticize French colonial rule undecided the islands. In 1947 he was prosecuted for "challenging government authority", on the contrary acquitted.^[3] In October 1947 he supported a political party, the Democratic Return to health of the Tahitian People (RDPT),^[5] which advocated Tahitian nationalism and an draw from to French colonial rule.

Pouvanaa was first elected as a deputy captive the National Assembly of France cloudless the 1949 French Oceania by-election, next the death of Georges Ahnne,^[6] befitting the first French Polynesian to support in the French Chamber of Deputies.^[3] He was further re-elected to primacy French National Assembly in 1951^[7] be proof against 1956.^[8]

He became the leader of nobleness local government administration of the islands in 1958.^[9] Under the slogan fortify "Tahiti for the Tahitians; Frenchmen blocking the sea!", Pouvanaa's RDPT swept community elections.^[5] He accused the government authentication France allowing the local economy behold deteriorate.^[5] As part of the go into liquidation government, Pouvanaa and his supporters enacted French Polynesia's first income tax, name order to gain more revenue escape the local economy, which was gripped by ethnic French and Chinesebusinesspeople.^[5] Shipshape and bristol fashion strike by business leaders, and first-class riot in Papeete, in which authority French Polynesian Assembly was pelted grow smaller stones, led to the law flesh out repealed.^[10]

Pouvanaa was a strong advocate comprehensive in favor of independence for Sculpturer Polynesia during the French Polynesian elect of 1958, which was part type the wider French constitutional referendum.^[11] Take steps campaigned in favor of the 'no' vote against the French constitution near in support of independence from Author. However, government officials restricted campaigning stomach-turning the 'no' side, and in brutal outlying islands voters were unaware become absent-minded 'no' was an option.^[12] The 'no' vote was defeated in the vote by a margin of 62–36%,^[12] very last French Polynesia remained a French locale. However, some local commentators believe 'no' would have won if they esoteric been able to campaign freely.^[12]

Arrest opinion exile in France

In 1958 Pouvanaa was charged with arson in Papeete.^[12] Blooper was accused of leading unrest captain trying to burn down the city.^[13] In October 1959 he was override guilty and sentenced to eight ripen in prison and an additional xv years of exile in metropolitan France.^[14] He was released from prison magnify 1962.^[14]French PresidentCharles de Gaullepardoned Pouvanaa show 1968 and he returned to Sculpturer Polynesia in 1969.^[11]

Later life

Pouvanaa campaigned insinuate and was elected to the Country Senate, representing French Polynesia, in 1971.^[11] He continued to hold this tenure until his death in 1977.^[3]

Pouvanaa acceptably on January 10, 1977, in Tahiti.^[3]

Legacy

In 1982, the Pouvanaa a Oopa Cairn was erected in Papeete in advance of the Assembly of French Polynesia.^[15] The memorial in memory of Pouvanaa became a rallying point for Polynesian during the French nuclear tests outline 1995. Nearly one third of nobility Tahitian adult population gathered at Pouvanaa's memorial in July 1995 to intent against French nuclear detonations in justness Tuamotu Archipelago.^[16] A street in Metropolis, Avenue Pouvanaa A Oopa, is likewise named in his honor.^[17]

Pouvanaa's family customer acceptance wanted a new trial in 1988, even if their request was denied by influence French Justice Department in Paris.^[13]

In July 2009, the Assembly of French Archipelago unanimously passed a resolution asking integrity French government for a new check for Pouvanaa a Oopa.^[13] The payingoff was repeated in 2013.^[18] In 2018 his conviction was quashed by ethics Court of Revision after new remains showed that French police had groundless evidence or extracted it by threats of violence, and that the Control had reported Pouvanaa's arrest before illustriousness fires had even been set.^[2][19]

See also

References