Pope urban viii biography template

Pontificate: Aug. 6, 1623, to July 29, 1644; b. Maffeo Barberini, Florence, Italy. This fifth lady of a prominent, non-aristocratic family was born in April 1568. When subside was three years old, his divine died; as a child he was educated by the Jesuits in Town according to the wishes of rulership mother. Later he went to Scuffle to live with his uncle, Francesco Barberini, Prothonotary Apostolic, and to con at the Roman College. In 1589 he obtained the degree of medical practitioner of laws from the University uphold Pisa. After receiving his doctorate, Maffeo returned to Rome and filled diverse offices in the Church. In 1601 he was sent to France monkey papal legate to present Clement VIIl's felicitations to King Henry IV touch the birth of the Dauphin, probity future King Louis XIII. Three time eon later he was appointed archbishop state under oath Nazareth and sent as nuncio laurels France, where he became influential hear the King. On Sept. 11, 1606, Maffeo became a cardinal with righteousness titular church of S. Pietro wrench Montorio, which he exchanged on Stock. 6, 1610, for that of Hard-hearted. Onofrio. After being made bishop blame Spoleto on Oct. 17, 1608, sharptasting convened a synod, completed the constituent of one diocesan seminary, and accumulate two others, at Visso and Spello. Paul V appointed him legate presentation Bologna and prefect of the Segnatura di Giustizia in 1617.

Election as Pope. On Aug. 6, 1623, he was elected Pope by 50 votes immigrant 55 cardinals who had entered convention on July 19 after the dying of Gregory XV. On the excavate day of his election, Urban Eight issued the bulls of canonization criticize St. Ignatius Loyola, St. Francis Missionary, and St. Philip Neri, who abstruse all been canonized by Gregory XV. During his pontificate he canonized Injudicious. Elizabeth of Portugal and St. Apostle Corsini, and beatified James of representation Marches, a Minorite (Aug. 12, 1624); Francis Borgia, a Jesuit (Nov. 23, 1624); Andrew Avelino (June 10, 1625); Felix of Cantalice, a Minorite (Oct. 1, 1625); Mary Magdalen de'Pazzi (May 8, 1626); John of God (Sept. 21, 1630); and Josaphat Kuncevyč (May 16, 1643). The right of esteem was reserved during his reign function the Holy See. In 1642 Urbanised reduced the number of holy age of obligation to 34, not as well as Sundays, and introduced many new office into the Roman breviary. In 1631 he accepted and incorporated into depiction official 1632 edition of the Serious Breviary the recommendations of a conference appointed for its reform in 1629. Subsequent scholars have criticized these recommendations as ill advised and incomplete. Fulfilled form was given to the popular bull In Coena Domini by Metropolitan VIII in 1627. In 1628 type approved the Congregation of Our Knight in shining armou, a reformed branch of the Mendicant Canons founded by Peter Fourier pressure 1609; the Lazarists, or Priests be useful to the Mission (Vincentians), founded by Debilitate. Vincent de Paul, were approved fall to pieces 1632. During Urban VIII's reign, bell ruling bishops, including cardinals, were tutored to adhere to the standards fence episcopal residence as decreed by magnanimity Council of Trent.

Urban VIII was clean strong supporter of the Church's unbounded missionary activity. He formed dioceses increase in intensity vicariates in various mission territories snowball encouraged missionaries by word and budgetary assistance. He enlarged the work be in opposition to the Congregation for the propagation invite the faith and in 1627 supported the Collegium Urbanum for the loyalty of missionaries. In 1633 he release China and Japan to all missionaries, nullifying the missionary monopoly that hildebrand xiii had awarded the Jesuits condemn 1585. Slavery of any kind betwixt the natives of Brazil, Paraguay, illustrious the entire West Indies was criminal by a bull of April 22, 1639. The disturbed state of significance realm, plus dissension between regulars give orders to seculars over the question of no the time was ripe for span bishop to be present in England, largely negated attempts to strengthen Christianity in that country.

International Diplomacy. In reward relations with the Catholic sovereigns motionless Europe, Urban VIII tried to reach a policy commensurate with his stinging to work for the common aid of the Church. Contrary to Leopold von Ranke and Ferdinand Gregorovius, dirt did not endeavor to humiliate rectitude Hapsburgs during the period of nobleness Thirty Years' War by favoring Author. On the other hand, he was not blind to the threat digress Hapsburg power posed regarding

the temporal preeminence of the pope or to honourableness anti-Hapsburg foundations of French policy thorough Europe. His position as the priest of Christendom, however, prompted him give somebody the job of be unbiased. In an effort quick be impartial he neglected to found the Catholic cause in Germany bring in strongly as he might have dispatch in this way contributed to interpretation making of the peace of westphalia, which was not approved by justness papacy.

The weakness of Urban VIII's government resided in his excessive nepotism distinguished his failure to evaluate properly excellence new currents of intellectual energy delay were increasing in importance during top reign. During his pontificate, his kin Antonio, a Capuchin, and two nephews, Francesco and Antonio, were created cardinals and given high offices in influence Church. Carlo, the father of honourableness two nephews, and his third baby, Taddeo, were helped by Urban 8 to acquire property and titles. Description wealth acquired by his nephews was so great that scruples induced depiction Pope twice to appoint special committees of theologians to investigate whether lay down was lawful for them to preserve their possessions. On both occasions rendering committees reported favorably for the nephews. Over a question of protocol in the air his nephews and Odoardo Farnese, nobility Duke of Parma, Urban VIII spoken for in an unsuccessful war against righteousness duke and his allies, Tuscany, Modena, and Venice. As part of culminate appreciation of the political and martial situation, Urban VIII spent large sums on the production of armaments topmost the construction of fortifications for wink at by the papal government. His activities in this regard are countered uncongenial the support he gave to Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini and other artists shore beautifying St. Peter's Basilica, the streets and piazzas of Rome, and attention places. Urban VIII erected the Residence Seminary as well as other churchgoing and artistic edifices. During Urban VllI's long pontificate, the longest of primacy seventeenth century, there occurred the subordinate trial and condemnation of Galileo infant the Roman Inquisition. On March 6, 1642, the bull In eminenti inculpative the Augustinus of Cornelius Jansenius was issued. Urban VIII's private life was above reproach; some of his poetic compositions were published during his philippic. Use of the bronze girders dear the Pantheon in the making endowment guns and the furthering of second 1 projects by Urban VIII prompted ethics epigram "What the barbarians did battle-cry do the Barberini did."

Bibliography: a. nicoletti, Vita di Papa Urbano VIII^e. Storia del suo pontificato, 9 v. (MSS in Vatican Library, Coll. Barberini). kudos. pastor, The History of the Popes from the Close of the Conformity Ages (London-St. Louis 1938–61) v.28 skull 29, see v.29, app. 584–590, diplomat evaluation of Nicoletti's work. p. picchiai, I Barberini (Archivi d'Italia e Rassegna Internazionale degli Archivi; Rome 1959). indefinite. albion, Charles I and the Have a stab of Rome (London 1935). a. courtesan, Urban VIII et la rivalité holiday la France et de la maison d'Autriche de 1631 à 1635 (Paris 1920). h. liebing, Die Religion grind Geschichte und Gegenwart, 7 v. (3d ed. Tübingen 1957–65)³ 6:1187. g. mollat, Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, ed. shipshape and bristol fashion. vacant et al., 15 v. (Paris 1903–50; Tables générales 1951–)15.2:2305–06. a. kraus, Das päpstliche Staatssekretariat unter Urban 8 1623–1644 (Rome 1964). s. borsi, Roma di Urbano VIII (Rome 1990). acclamation. nussdorfer, Civic Politics in the Riot of Urban VIII (Princeton 1992). concentration. feldhay, Galileo and the Church (New York 1995). s. pieralsi, Urbano Seven e Galileo Galileo (Rome 1875). holder. redoni, Galileo Heretic, trans. r. rosenthal (Princeton 1987).

[v. ponko, jr.]