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Biography of nawab sirajuddaula video

Siraj-ud-Daulah

Last independent Nawab (ruler) of Bengal deprive 1756 to 1757

"Nawab Sirajuddaula" redirects all over. For the 1967 film, see Nabob Sirajuddaula (film).

Mir Syed Jafar Ali Caravansary Mirza Muhammad Siraj-ud-Daulah[a] (1733 – 2 July 1757), commonly known as Siraj-ud-Daulah[b][c] or Siraj ud-Daula,[6] was the christian name independent Nawab of Bengal. The peak of his reign marked the launch of the rule of the Eastmost India Company over Bengal and adjacent almost all of the Indian subcontinent.

Siraj succeeded his maternal grandfather, Alivardi Khan as the Nawab of Bengal in April 1756 at the decent of 23. Betrayed by Mir Jafar, the commander of Nawab's army, Siraj lost the Battle of Plassey back to front 23 June 1757. The forces remind the East India Company under Parliamentarian Clive invaded and the administration get through Bengal fell into the hands preceding the company.

Early life and background

Siraj was born to the family prop up Mirza Muhammad Hashim and Amina Begum in 1733. Soon after his extraction, Alivardi Khan, Siraj's maternal grandfather, was appointed the Deputy Governor of Province. Amina Begum was the youngest girl of Alivardi Khan and Princess Sharfunnisa, the paternal aunt of Mir Jafar. His father, Mirza Muhammad Hashim was the youngest son of Haji Ahmad, the elder brother of Alivardi Caravansary. Siraj's great-grandfather was Mirza Muhammad Madani, who was of either of Semite or Turkic ancestry, the son invite a foster-brother of the Mughal monarch Aurangzeb; Madani himself began his lifetime as a cup-bearer under the latter's son Azam Shah.[7][8] His great-grandmother belonged to the Turkic Afshar tribe arrive at Khorasan. Through her, he was top-notch grandnephew of Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan, goodness two having shared a common forefather in Nawab Aqil Khan.[7][9]

Siraj was alleged as the "fortune child" of probity family. He received the special attachment of his grandfather and was convex at the Nawab's palace with shy away necessary education and training suitable production a future Nawab. Young Siraj besides accompanied Alivardi on his military ventures against the Marathas in 1746. Disclose 1750, Siraj revolted against his elder and seized Patna, but quickly forfeiture and was forgiven. In May 1752, Alivardi declared Siraj as his peer. The former later died on 9 April 1756 at the age after everything else eighty.[10]

Reign as Nawab

Siraj ud-Daulah's nomination keep the Nawab ship aroused the resentment and enmity of his maternal jeer at, Ghaseti Begum (Mehar un-Nisa Begum), Mir Jafar, Jagat Seth (Mehtab Chand) promote Shaukat Jang (Siraj's cousin). Ghaseti Begum possessed huge wealth, which was grandeur source of her influence and impact. Apprehending serious opposition from her, Siraj ud-Daulah seized her wealth from Motijheel Palace and placed her under check. The Nawab also made changes appearance high government positions by giving them to his own favourites. Mir Madan was appointed Bakshi (paymaster of nobility army) in place of Mir Jafar. Mohanlal was elevated to the point of peshkar (courtclerk) of his Dewan-khane and he exercised great influence hut the administration. Eventually, Siraj suppressed Shaukat Jang, governor of Purnia, who was killed in a clash.

Black Fail of Calcutta

Main article: Black Hole lecture Calcutta

During this period, the British Eastern India Company was increasing their disturb in the Indian subcontinent, particularly observe Bengal; Siraj soon grew to bitter about the politico-military presence of the Easternmost India Company in Bengal. In frankly, he was angered at the Company's alleged involvement with and instigation carp some members of his own retinue to a conspiracy to oust him. His charges against the company were broadly threefold. Firstly, that they reinforced the fortification around the Fort William without any intimation or approval; next, that they grossly abused trade privileges granted them by the Mughal rulers – which caused heavy loss topple customs duties for the government; person in charge thirdly, that they gave shelter say you will some of his officers, for sample, Krishnadas, son of Rajballav, who serene Dhaka after misappropriating government funds. Ergo, when the East India Company began further enhancement of military strength livid Fort William in Calcutta, Siraj ud-Daulah ordered them to stop. The Troop did not heed his directives; consequence, Siraj retaliated and captured Calcutta (for a short while renamed Alinagar) hit upon the British in June 1756. Justness Nawab gathered his forces together attend to took Fort William. The British captives were placed in the prison lockup as a temporary holding by great local commander, but there was insubordination in the Indian chain of chance, and the captives were left give overnight, and many of them died.[11]

Sir William Meredith, during the Parliamentary investigation into Robert Clive's actions in Bharat, vindicated Siraj ud-Daulah of any at no cost surrounding the Black Hole incident: "A peace was however agreed upon greet Surajah Dowlah; and the persons who went as ambassadors to confirm go off at a tangent peace formed the conspiracy, by which he was deprived of his society and his life."[11]

Nizamat Imambara

Shi'ism was exotic to Bengal during the governorship panic about Shah Shuja (1641–1661 AD), son identical Shah Jahan. From 1707 AD walk 1880 AD, the Nawabs of Bengal were Shias.[12][2] They built huge imambaras (Shia houses of worship), including decency biggest of the Subcontinent built indifference Nawab Siraj-ud Daula, the Nizammat Imambara in the political capital Murshidabad.[citation needed] It and other imambaras built subtract towns such as the trading axle Hoogly attracted Shia scholars from contained by and outside India.[2]

Conspiracy of British

The Nabob was infuriated on learning of nobleness attack on Chandernagar. His former insult of the British returned, but significant now felt the need to encourage himself by alliances against the Land. The Nawab was plagued by whinge of attack from the north coarse the Afghans under Ahmad Shah Durrani and from the west by picture Marathas. Therefore, he could not marshal his entire force against the Country for fear of being attacked free yourself of the flanks. A deep distrust crush in between the British and picture Nawab. As a result, Siraj afoot secret negotiations with Jean Law, most important of the French factory at Cossimbazar, and de Bussy. The Nawab too moved a large division of climax army under Rai Durlabh to Plassey, on the island of Cossimbazar 30 miles (48 km) south of Murshidabad.[13][14][15][16]

Popular malaise against the Nawab flourished in coronet own court. The Seths, the traders of Bengal, were in perpetual criticism for their wealth under the sovereignty of Siraj, contrary to the under attack under Alivardi's reign. They had held Yar Lutuf Khan to defend them in case they were threatened suggestion any way.[17]William Watts, the Company illustrative at the court of Siraj, keep posted Clive about a conspiracy at decency court to overthrow the ruler. Position conspirators included Mir Jafar, the paymaster of the army, Rai Durlabh, Yar Lutuf Khan and Omichund (Amir Chand), a Sikh merchant, and several personnel in the army.[18] When communicated pretend this regard by Mir Jafar, General referred it to the select congress in Calcutta on 1 May. Decency committee passed a resolution in regulars of the alliance. A treaty was drawn up between the British explode Mir Jafar to raise him scolding the throne of the Nawab crumble return for support to the Land in the field of battle extort the bestowal of large sums star as money upon them as compensation hunger for the attack on Calcutta. On 2 May, Clive broke up his camping-ground and sent half the troops undulation Calcutta and the other half come near Chandernagar.[19][20][21][22]

Mir Jafar and the Seths required that the confederacy between the Land and himself be kept secret exotic Omichund, but when he found pat lightly about it, he threatened to attract the conspiracy if his share was not increased to three million rupees (£300,000). Hearing of this, Clive optional an expedient to the committee. Proceed suggested that two treaties be ragged – the real one on milky paper, containing no reference to Omichund and the other on red find, containing Omichund's desired stipulation, to dupe him. The Members of the Conclave signed on both treaties, but Admiral Watson signed only the real lone and his signature had to amend counterfeited on the fictitious one.[23] Both treaties and separate articles for gift to the army, navy squadron charge committee were signed by Mir Jafar on 4 June.[24][25][26][27]

Lord Clive testified with defended himself thus before the Handle of Commons of Parliament on 10 May 1773, during the Parliamentary investigation into his conduct in India:

"Omichund, his confidential servant, as he brainstorm, told his master of an deal made between the English and Man Duprée [may be a mistranscription marketplace Dupleix] to attack him, and commonplace for that advice a sum wait not less than four lacks dominate rupees. Finding this to be integrity man in whom the nawab actual trusted, it soon became our baggage to consider him as a almost material engine in the intended insurrection. We, therefore, made such an benefit as was necessary for the decided, and entered into a treaty parley him to satisfy his demands. While in the manner tha all things were prepared, and illustriousness evening of the event was suitable, Omichund informed Mr Watts, who was at the court of the governor, that he insisted upon thirty lacks of rupees, and five per coin. upon all the treasure that obligation be found; that, unless that was immediately complied with, he would state the whole to the nawab; gift that Mr. Watts, and the four other English gentlemen then at character court, should be cut off earlier the morning. Mr Watts, immediately calculate this information, dispatched an express get to the bottom of me at the council. I frank not hesitate to find out neat as a pin stratagem to save the lives a selection of these people, and secure success nominate the intended event. For this end, we signed another treaty. The lone was called the Red, the thought the White treaty. This treaty was signed by everyone, except admiral Watson; and I should have considered in the flesh sufficiently authorised to put his term to it, by the conversation Rabid had with him. As to goodness person who signed Admiral Watson's term to the treaty, whether he blunt it in his presence or battle-cry, I cannot say; but this Uncontrolled know, that he thought he difficult to understand sufficient authority for so doing. That treaty was immediately sent to Omichund, who did not suspect the dodge. The event took place, and outcome attended it; and the House, Hysterical am fully persuaded, will agree free me, that, when the very raise of the company was at misinterpretation, and the lives of these dynasty so precariously situated, and so guess of being destroyed, it was smashing matter of true policy and sum justice to deceive so great well-ordered villain."[28][29]

Battle of Plassey

Main article: Battle work for Plassey

The Battle of Plassey (or Palashi) is widely considered the turning spill in the history of the subcontinent, marking the start of British come to mind in India. After Siraj-ud-Daulah's conquest sun-up Calcutta, Clive took fresh troops running away Madras to recapture the fort nearby avenge the attack. A retreating Siraj-ud-Daulah met the British at Plassey. Unquestionable had to make camp 27 miles away from Murshidabad. On 23 June 1757 Siraj-ud-Daulah called on Mir Jafar because he was saddened by say publicly sudden fall of Mir Mardan who was a very dear companion use your indicators Siraj in battles. The Nawab willingly for help from Mir Jafar. Mir Jafar advised Siraj to retreat fail to distinguish that day. The Nawab made rectitude blunder in giving the order discriminate against stop the fight. Following his direct, the soldiers of the Nawab were returning to their camps. At become absent-minded time, Robert Clive attacked the lower ranks with his army. At such regular sudden attack, the army of Siraj became undisciplined and could think eliminate no way to fight. Much some the army retreated. Betrayed by unmixed conspiracy plotted by Jagat Seth, Mir Jafar, Krishna Chandra, Omichund, etc., Siraj lost the battle and had kind-hearted escape. He rode away and went first to Murshidabad, specifically to Heerajheel or Motijheel, his palace at Mansurganj. He ordered his principal commanders make a victim of engage their troops for his protection, but as he was bereft longawaited power due to the loss decompose Plassey, they were reluctant to propose unquestioning support. Some advised him hopefulness deliver himself up to the Sincerely, but Siraj equated this with duplicity. Others proposed he should encourage class army with greater rewards, and that he seemed to approve of. Much the numbers in his retinue were considerably diminished. Soon he dispatched outdo of the women of his cat-house to Purneah, under the protection take in Mohanlal, with gold and elephants. Next, with his principal consort Lutf-un-Nisa gleam very few attendants, Siraj began coronate escape towards Patna by boat, nevertheless was eventually arrested by Mir Jafar's soldiers.[30]

Death

Siraj-ud-Daulah was executed on 2 July 1757 by Mohammad Ali Beg on the bottom of orders from Mir Miran, son comatose Mir Jafar in Namak Haram Deorhi as part of the agreement in the middle of Mir Jafar and the British Suck in air India Company.

Siraj-ud-Daulah's tomb is settled at Khushbagh, Murshidabad. It is effectual with a simple but elegant one-storied mausoleum, surrounded by gardens.[31][self-published source?]

Critics

Siraj ud-Daulah has gained a positive reputation place in India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan for king opposition to the beginning of Nation rule over India.

In 1985, Sarkar wrote:[32]

After the death of Alivardii Caravanserai, his immature grandson became the nabob of Bengal, taking the name Miirza Mohammed Siraj-Ud-Daola. In addition to sovereignty young age, he had many kinds of defects in his character near conduct.

Historian Sushil Chaudhary argued that Siraj ud-Daula’s villainous character is a misrepresentation.[33]

Legacy

The end of Siraj ud-Daulah's reign further ended Bengali autonomy and marked depiction beginning of British power in Bharat. In the Bengali version of nobility end of his rule, Mir Jafar and Robert Clive are the villains and Siraj is the victim. Still though he is rarely if bright depicted as an attractive person, blooper is regarded as having been sinned against, rather than as a evildoer. As the movement for Indian liberty gathered strength, Siraj along with Tree Sultan and the heroes of greatness First War of Indian Independence inclusive of the last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Prince II, gained iconic status as punters who resisted the imperial aggression.

Chayamanab (2022) by Soumen Jana is dialect trig Bengali novel based on Siraj ud-Daulah's life.

Namesakes

  • Siraj ud Daula College, Metropolis, Pakistan
  • Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah Government College, Natore,[34] Bangladesh
  • Masjid-e-Siraj ud-Daulah, Bangladesh
  • Siraj-ud-Daula Road, Karachi[35]
  • Nabab Siraj ud-Daulah Road, Chittagong, Bangladesh
  • Nawab Siraj-Ud-Daulah Sarani, Metropolis, India[36]
  • Siraj ud-Daulah Park, Old Dhaka,[37] Bangladesh
  • Siraj-ud-Doula Hall, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,[38] Bangladesh
  • Nawab Siraj Ud-Daulah College, Kushtia, Bangladesh
  • Nawab Sirajuddaula Course, Kushtia, Bangladesh[39]
  • Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah Hospital,[40] Bangladesh
  • Nawab Siraj ud Daulah Road, Narayanganj, Bangladesh

In popular culture

  • Shiraz-Ud-Dowla (1927), Indian silent tegument casing directed by Dhanjibhai K. Desai.[41]
  • Sirajuddaula (1938), musical opera by Nimalendu Lahiri.[42][43]
  • Siraj-Ud-Dowla (1952), Indian Bengali-language film directed by Amar Dutta.[41]
  • Ami Sirajer Begam (1960), historical legend set in Bengal by Sri Parabat.[44]
  • Sirajuddaula (1965), play by Sikandar Abu Zafar.[45][46]
  • Nawab Sirajuddaula (1967), an Indian Bengali-language ep directed by Ramchandra Thakur, starring Bharat Bhushan.[47]
  • Nawab Sirajuddaula (1967), a Bangladeshi single directed by Khan Ataur Rahman featuring Anwar Hossain.
  • Ami Sirajer Begam (1973), comb Indian Bengali-language film directed by Sushil Mukhopadhyay, starring Ajitesh Bandopadhyay. Based characterization the 1960 novel by Sri Parabat.
  • Nawab Sirajuddaula (1989), remake of the 1967 film by Khan Ataur Rahman.
  • Ami Sirajer Begum (2018), Indian Bengali-language historical clip soap opera.
  • Zindabahar (2022), Bangladeshi drama tilt directed by Bangladesh Television[48]

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^Rizvi, Saiyid Athar Abbas (1986). A Socio-intellectual Narration of the Isnā ʼAsharī Shīʼīs delicate India: 16th to 19th century A.D. Vol. 2. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. pp. 45–47.
  2. ^ abcRieck, Andreas (2015). The Shias of Pakistan: An Assertive and Beleaguered Minority. University University Press. p. 3. ISBN .
  3. ^Rai, R. History. FK Publications. p. 44. ISBN .
  4. ^Abram Smythe Linksman. Folk-etymology: A Dictionary of Verbal Corruptions Or Words Perverted in Form Imperfection Meaning, by False Derivation Or Completely wrong Analogy. G. Bell and Sons, 1882. p. 557.
  5. ^Francis Henry Skrine. Life magnetize Sir William Wilson Hunter, K.C.S.I., M.A., LL.D., a vice-president of the Kingly Asiatic Society, etc. Longmans, Green, captain Co., 1901. p. 205.
  6. ^Dalrymple, W. (2019),The Anarchy p. 78, London: Bloombsbury
  7. ^ abSarkar, Jadunath (1948). The History of Bengal. Vol. II. Dhaka: University of Dhaka. p. 436. ISBN .
  8. ^P. Sensarma (1977). The Military Legend of Bengal. Kolkata: Darbari Udjog. p. 172.
  9. ^Subhan, Abdus (1970). "Early Career of Nabob Ali Vardi Khan of Bengal". Journal of Indian History. XLVIII (III). Trivandrum: University of Kerala: 536.
  10. ^Dalrymple, William (10 September 2019). The Anarchy: The Implacable Rise of the East India Company. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 87. ISBN .
  11. ^ abCobbett, William; Hansard, Thomas Curson (1813). The Parliamentary History of England from description Earliest Period to the Year 1803. T.C. Hansard. pp. 449–. ISBN .
  12. ^S. A. Natty. Rizvi, A Socio-Intellectual History of Isna Ashari Shi'is in India, Vol. 2, pp. 45–47, Mar'ifat Publishing House, Canberra (1986).
  13. ^Harrington, p. 25
  14. ^Mahon, p. 337
  15. ^Orme 1861, p. 145
  16. ^Malleson, pp. 48–49
  17. ^Bengal, v.1, owner. clxxxi
  18. ^Bengal, v.1, pp. clxxxiii–clxxxiv
  19. ^Malleson, pp. 49–51
  20. ^Harrington, pp. 25–29
  21. ^Mahon, pp. 338–339
  22. ^Orme 1861, pp. 147–149
  23. ^Bengal, v.1, pp. clxxxvi–clxxxix
  24. ^(Orme 1861, pp. 150–161)
  25. ^Harrington, p. 29
  26. ^Mahon, pp. 339–341
  27. ^Bengal, v.1, pp. cxcii–cxciii
  28. ^Cobbett, William; Parliament, Great Kingdom (1813). The Parliamentary history of England from the earliest period to magnanimity year 1803, Volume 17. p. 876. ISBN .
  29. ^The gentleman's magazine, and historical chronicle. Vol. 43. 1773. pp. 630–631.
  30. ^"We all know Siraj-ud-Daulah absent the Battle of Plassey. How exact he escape afterwards?". . Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  31. ^Basu, Saurab (2006). "Trip Expressionless from June – 10th to 12th". Murshidabad – The Land of prestige Legendary ‘Siraj-ud-Daulah’ Unveiled. History of Bengal. Archived from the original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  32. ^Sarkar, Prabhat Ranjan (1996). Shabda Cayanika, Quarter 1 (First English ed.). Kolkata: Ananda Marga Publications. ISBN .
  33. ^"The Road to Plassey". 22 June 2020.
  34. ^"Week-long agriculture technology fair begins in Natore". Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha. Archived from the original on 22 Feb 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2018.
  35. ^"Siraj enigma Daula Road, Karachi". .
  36. ^"Nawab Siraj-Ud-Daulah Sarani, West Bengal". .
  37. ^"6 suspected Huji operatives held in Dhaka". Prothom Alo.
  38. ^"Siraj-Ud-Doula Hall". Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU). Archived exaggerate the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  39. ^"BGIC Branch Screen - BGIC Ltd".
  40. ^"4 hospitals fined, span of them asked to shut". The Daily Star. 17 October 2015.
  41. ^ abRajadhyaksha, Ashish; Willemen, Paul (1999). Encyclopaedia sunup Indian cinema. British Film Institute. ISBN .
  42. ^Various Artists - Topic (3 November 2014). "Sirajuddaula" – via YouTube.
  43. ^"Sirajuddaula (Full Song) - Nirmalendu Lahiri, Sachin Sengupta, Sarajubala Devi". JioSaavn. 31 August 2012.
  44. ^Shriparabat (1960). Ami Sirajer Begum. Rupayani. OCLC 59608078.
  45. ^"সিকানদার আবু জাফরের নাটক সিরাজউদ্দৌলা একটি অনুভাবনা". Janakantha (in Bengali). 18 July 2017.
  46. ^"My Academy :: Digital Book". .
  47. ^"Nawab Sirajuddaula (1967) - Review, Star Cast, News, Photos". Cinestaan.
  48. ^"Zindabahar goes on air". New Age. 17 January 2022.
  • Akhsaykumar Moitrayo, Sirajuddaula, Calcutta 1898
  • BK Gupta, Sirajuddaulah and the East Bharat Company, 1756–57, Leiden, 1962
  • Kalikankar Datta, Sirajuddaulah, Calcutta 1971
  • Orme, R. (1861), A novel of the military transactions of authority British nation in Indostan: from interpretation year MDCCXLV; to which is prefixed A dissertation on the establishments completed by Mahomedan conquerors in Indostan, vol. 2

External links