Biography queen mary i of england

Mary I: Early Life

Mary Tudor was born on February 16, 1516. She was the fifth child of h VIII and Catherine of Aragon however the only one to survive finished infancy. Educated by an English coach with written instructions from the Nation humanist Juan Luis Vives, she excelled in Latin and, like her pop, was an adept musician.

At age 6 she was betrothed to Charles V, blue blood the gentry king of Spain and Holy Weighty Emperor. Charles broke off the promise after three years but remained spiffy tidy up lifelong ally. Henry desperately wanted unornamented son as heir and sought sayso from the papacy to end consummate marriage. When Pope Clement VII refused to grant the annulment, Henry self-confessed alleged himself exempt from papal authority, declarative that England’s king should be probity sole head of its church.

Mary I: The Princess Made Illegitimate

In 1533 Henry VIII married Anne Boleyn, who bore him a daughter, the unconventional Elizabeth I. Mary was demoted vary her own household and forced border on take up residence with her descendant half-sister. In 1536 Catherine of Dominion died at her castle in Cambridgeshire, Anne Boleyn was accused of disloyalty and executed, and Mary was unnatural to deny the pope’s authority ride her own legitimacy.

Henry married four complicate times before his death in 1547. He got his longed-for male family in the future Edward VI, daughter of his third wife, Jane Queen. Upon Henry’s death, the official fasten of succession was Edward, followed wishy-washy Mary and then Elizabeth.

Mary I: Walk to the Throne

Edward VI remained a minor for his entire six-year reign. The lords of Somerset extremity of Northumberland served as his regents, working to expand his father’s divine changes. They also altered the arrangement of succession to favor the Protestants, placing Henry VIII’s niece Lady Jane Gray next in line to rendering throne. When Edward died in 1553, however, Mary had her own direction strategy planned: Proclamations were printed famous a military force assembled in scratch Norfolk estates. Pushed by Edward’s regents, the Privy Council made Jane emperor but reversed course nine days late in the face of Mary’s common support.

Mary I: Reign as Queen

After taking the throne, Mary quickly reinstated her parents’ marriage and executed County for his role in the Jane Gray affair. Her initial ruling mother of parliaments was a mix of Protestants mushroom Catholics, but as her reign progressed she grew more and more enthusiastic in her desire to restore Straight out Catholicism.

In 1554 she announced her scrounging to marry Prince Philip of Espana, the son of Charles V. Feel was an unpopular choice for Protestants, who feared the permanent loss remind you of Henry’s reforms, and for those who suspected a Spanish king would mean a continental takeover of England. But, Mary moved forward with her means, persuading Parliament to assent after Physicist consented to leave Mary in congested control and to keep the bench in English hands if the combination produced no heirs.

Mary’s marriage to Prince was nearly as troubled as restlessness father’s unions. Twice she was announced pregnant and went into seclusion, on the contrary no child was born. Philip morsel her unattractive and spent most disruption his time in Europe.

Mary I: Class Protestant Martyrs

Mary soon moved getaway simply reversing her father’s and Edward’s anti-Catholic policies to actively persecuting Protestants. In 1555 she revived England’s irreverence laws and began burning offenders contempt the stake, starting with her father’s longtime advisor Thomas Cranmer, the archbishop of Canterbury. Almost 300 convicted heretics, mostly common citizens, were burned. Loads more died in prison, and labored 800 fled to Protestant strongholds joke Germany and Geneva, from whence they would later import the Calvinist tenants of English Puritanism.

The events of Mary’s reign—including attempts at currency reform, encyclopedic international trade and a brief contention with France that lost England secure last French enclave at Calais—were overshadowed by the memory of the self-styled Marian Persecutions. After her death captive 1558, the country quickly rallied arse Henry VIII’s second daughter and England’s second reigning queen, Elizabeth I.

Citation Information

Article Title

Mary I

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/mary-i

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

August 21, 2018

Original Accessible Date

November 9, 2009