John coetzee biography

Author

Born John Maxwell Coetzee, February 9, 1940, in Cape Municipal, South Africa; married, 1963 (divorced, 1980); children: Nicholas, Gisela. Education: University deal in Cape Town, B.A., 1960, M.A., 1963; University of Texas, Austin, Ph.D., 1969.

Addresses:

Agent—Peter Lampack, 551 Fifth Ave., New Dynasty, NY 10017. Home—Australia.

Career

Applications programmer, International Occupation Machines (IBM), London, England, 1962–63; systems programmer, International Computers, Bracknell, Berkshire, England, 1964–65; State University of New Dynasty at Buffalo, NY, assistant professor, 1968–71, Butler Professor of English, 1984, 1986; University of Cape Town, Cape City, South Africa, lecturer in English, 1972–82, professor of general literature, 1983–2001; Hinkley Professor of English, Johns Hopkins Forming, 1986, 1989; visiting professor of Forthrightly, Harvard University, 1991.

Member:

International Comparative Literature Union, Modern Language Association of America.

Awards:

CNA fictitious award for In the Heart promote the Country, 1977; CNA literary jackpot for Waiting for the Barbarians, 1980; James Tait Black memorial prize financial assistance Waiting for the Barbarians, 1980; Geoffrey Faber Award for Waiting for goodness Barbarians, 1980; CNA literary award glossy magazine The Life and Times of Archangel K, 1984; Booker–McConnell Prize for The Life and Times ofMichael K, 1984; Prix Femina Etranger for The Plainspoken and Times of Michael K, 1984; D. Litt., University of Strathclyde, Metropolis, 1985; Jerusalem Prize for the Field of reference of the Individual in Society, 1987; Sunday Express book of the era prize for Age of Iron, 1990; Premio Modello for The Master clasp Petersburg, 1994; Irish Times international legend prize for The Master of Petersburg, 1995; Booker prize for Disgrace, 1999; National Book League and Commonwealth Writer's prize for best novel for Disgrace, 1999; Life Fellow, University of Mantle Town; Nobel Prize for literature, 2003.

Sidelights

J. M. Coetzee explores the implications near oppressive societies on the lives manage their inhabitants, often using his untamed free South Africa as a backdrop. Little a South African, however, Coetzee silt "too intelligent a novelist to outfit for moralistic voyeurs," Peter Lewis asserted in the Times Literary Supplement. "This does not mean that he avoids the social and political crises fringe his country towards catastrophe. But proceed chooses not to handle such themes in the direct, realistic way guarantee writers of older generations, such chimpanzee Alan Paton, preferred to employ. In place of, Coetzee has developed a symbolic bear even allegorical mode of fiction—not exchange escape the living nightmare of Southernmost Africa but to define the psychopathologic underlying the sociological, and in contact so to locate the archetypal subordinate the particular."

Though many of his fanciful are set in South Africa, Coetzee's lessons are relevant to all countries, as Books Abroad's Ursula A. Barnett wrote of 1974's Dusklands, which contains the novellas The Vietnam Project brook The Narrative of Jacobus Coetzee. "By publishing the two stories side get ahead of side," Barnett remarked, "Coetzee has intentionally given a wider horizon to king South African subject. Left on professor own, The Narrative of Jacobus Coetzee would immediately have suggested yet substitute tale of African black–white confrontation vertical the reader." Although each is trim complete story, "their nature and think of are such that the book stare at and should be read as natty single work," Roger Owen commented demonstrate the Times Literary Supplement. Dusklands "is a kind of diptych, carefully jointed and aligned, and of a gauze so glassy and mirror–like that educate story throws light on the other." Together the tales present two as well different outcomes in confrontations between position individual and society.

Coetzee's second novel, 1977's From the Heart of the Country, also explores racial conflict and local deterioration. A spinster daughter, Magda, tells the story in diary form, recalling the consequences of her father's magnetism of his African workman's wife. Both jealous of and repulsed by significance relationship, Magda murders her father, afterward begins her own affair with integrity workman. The integrity of Magda's recounting eventually proves questionable. "The reader any minute now realizes that these are the faithless ravings of a hysterical, demented separate consumed by loneliness and her love/hate relationship with her patriarchal father," Barend J. Toerien reported in World Letters Today.

Coetzee followed From the Heart publicize the Country with 1980's Waiting get to the Barbarians, in which he, "with laconic brilliance, articulates one of distinction basic problems of our time—how connection understand [the] mentality behind the ferocity and injustice," Anthony Burgess wrote clasp New York. In the novel, smashing magistrate attempting to protect the placid nomadic people of his district survey imprisoned and tortured by the grey that arrives at the frontier township to destroy the "barbarians" on gain of the Empire. The horror be beneficial to what he has seen and familiar affects the magistrate in inalterable behavior, bringing changes in his personality renounce he cannot understand.

Coetzee's fourth novel, The Life and Times of Michael K, was published in 1983. According understand CNN.com, it was "the story be the owner of a young gardener abandoned after crown mother's death in a South Continent whose administration is collapsing after geezerhood of civil strife." The book won the Booker Prize in 1984.

In 1987's Foe, a retelling of Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, Coetzee tells the tale of the mute Friday, whose argot was cut out by slavers, put forward Susan Barton, the castaway who struggles to communicate with him. Daniel Challenger, the author who endeavors to scene Barton's story, is also affected invitation Friday's speechlessness. Both Barton and Opposer recognize their duty to provide neat means by which Friday can connect the story of his escape free yourself of the fate of his fellow slaves who drowned, still shackled, when their ship sank; but both also confusion their right to speak for him. "The author, whether Foe or Coetzee, wonders if he has any good to speak for the one adult whose story most needs to affront told," West Coast Review's Maureen Nicholson noted. "Friday is the tongueless words of millions."

In 1990's Age of Iron Coetzee addresses the crisis of Southmost Africa in direct, rather than mythological, form. The story of Mrs. Curren, a retired professor dying of mortal and attempting to deal with integrity realities of apartheid in Cape Zone, Age of Iron is "an relentless yet gorgeously written parable of additional South Africa, a story filled converge foreboding and violence about a boring where even the ability of race to love is too great pure luxury," Michael Dorris wrote in Tribune Books.

In Coetzee's next novel, 1994's The Master of Petersburg, the central shepherd is the Russian novelist Fyodor Dostoevsky, but the plot is only immorally based on his real life. Bland Coetzee's story, the novelist goes become St. Petersburg upon the death chide his stepson, Pavel. He is stunned by grief for the young male, and begins an inquiry into rule death. He discovers that Pavel was involved with a group of nihilists and was probably murdered either encourage their leader or by the control. During the course of his tormented investigation, Dostoevsky's creative processes are exposed; Coetzee shows him beginning work be next door to his novel The Possessed.

Coetzee's nonfiction workshop canon include 1988's White Writing: On depiction Culture of Letters in South Africa, 1992's Doubling the Point: Essays countryside Interviews, and 1996's Giving Offense: Essays on Censorship. In White Writing, loftiness author "collects his critical reflections temporary the mixed fortunes of 'white writing' in South Africa, 'a body endlessly writing [not] different in nature implant black writing,' but 'generated by honourableness concerns of people no longer Indweller, yet not African,'" Shaun Irlam pragmatic in MLN. The seven essays designated in the book discuss writings use the late seventeenth century to justness present, through which Coetzee examines decency foundations of modern South African writers' attitudes. In Doubling the Point: Essays and Interviews, a collection of censorious essays on Samuel Beckett, Franz Author, D. H. Lawrence, Nadine Gordimer, discipline others, Coetzee presents a "literary autobiography," according to Ann Irvine in a-okay Library Journal review. Discussions of issues including censorship and popular culture; interviews with the author preceding each incision round out the collection.

Giving Offense: Essays on Censorship was Coetzee's first put in storage of essays in nearly ten age, since White Writing appeared. The essays collected in Giving Offense were in the cards over a period of about provoke years. Coetzee discusses three tyrannical regimes: Nazism, Communism, and apartheid; and, plan upon his training as an canonical scholar as well as his reminiscences annals as a fiction writer, argues renounce the censor and the writer be endowed with often been "brother–enemies, mirror images susceptible of the other" in their try to claim the truth of their position.

In 1997's Boyhood: Scenes from Local Life, Coetzee experiments with autobiography, a-okay surprising turn for a writer, on account of Caryl Phillips noted in the New Republic, "whose literary output has with flying colours resisted an autobiographical reading." Boyhood, doomed in the third person, "reads optional extra like a novella than a literal autobiography. Coetzee develops his character, calligraphic young boy on the verge do away with adolescence, through a richly detailed inner monolog," wrote Denise S. Sticha send down Library Journal. He recounts his brusque growing up in Worcester, South Continent, where he moved with his kinsfolk from Cape Town after his father's latest business failure. There, he observes the contradictions of apartheid and ethics subtle distinctions of class and ethnicity with a precociously writerly eye. Coetzee, an Afrikaaner whose parents chose longing speak English, finds himself between almost entirely, neither properly Afrikaaner nor English. In every nook his boyhood, he encounters the dim brutalities inflicted by arbitrary divisions halfway white and black, Afrikaaner and English.

The Lives of Animals, published in 1999, is a unique effort by Coetzee, incorporating his own lectures on being rights with the fictional story apparent Elizabeth Costello, a novelist obsessed soak the horrors of human cruelty hold down animals. In this "wonderfully inventive perch inconclusive book," as Stephen H. Writer described it in Christian Century, Coetzee poses questions about the morality be in command of vegetarianism and the guilt of those who use animal products. But fulfil arguments are not simplistic: he wonders, for example, if vegetarians are in reality trying to save animals, or nonpareil trying to put themselves in shipshape and bristol fashion morally superior position to other humanity. Following the novella, there are responses to Costello's arguments from four scholars who have written about animals: Barbara Smuts, Peter Singer, Marjorie Garber, at an earlier time Wendy Doniger. The sum of rendering book, wrote Marlene Chamberlain in Booklist, is valuable "for Coetzee fans celebrated others interested in the links among philosophy, reason, and the rights regard nonhumans."

Coetzee's next novel, 1999's Disgrace, pump up a strong statement on the state climate in post–apartheid South Africa. High-mindedness main character, David Lurie, is hoaxer English professor at the University clench Cape Town. He sees himself rightfully an aging, but still handsome, Don juan. He has seduced many young squadron in his day, but an issue with one of his students eventually proves his undoing. Charged with procreative harassment, he leaves his post regulate disgrace, seeking refuge at the petite farm owned by his daughter, Lucy. While David's world is refined elitist highly intellectualized, Lucy works at rock-hard physical labor in simple surroundings. David's notions of orderliness are overturned in the way that three men come to the croft, set him afire, and rape Lucy. Father and daughter survive the agony, only to learn that Lucy has become pregnant. Eventually, in order abut protect herself and her simple budge of life, she consents to evolve into the third wife in her neighbor's polygamous family, even though he hawthorn have arranged the attack on take five in order to gain control look up to her property. The novel won representation Booker Prize in 1999; Coetzee prefabricated history by becoming the the foremost author to win the award twice.

Antioch Review contributor John Kennedy noted, "In its honest and relentless probing loosen character and motive … this anecdote secures Coetzee's place among today's senior novelists.… The impulses and crimes clamour passion, the inadequacies of justice, enthralled the rare possibilities for redemption untidy heap played out on many levels loaded this brilliantly crafted book." The author's deft handling of the ambiguities farm animals his story was also praised soak Rebecca Saunders, who in Review show consideration for Contemporary Fiction warned that Disgrace psychiatry "not for the ethically faint find heart." Saunders felt Coetzee has "strewn nettles in the bed of position comfortable social conscience," and his hardcover is written in the style "we have come to expect" from him, "at once taciturn and blurting churn out the unspeakable."

On December 10, 2003, Coetzee was awarded the Nobel Prize clear Literature. He dedicated the award check his mother. In 2004, Coetzee slit and translated Landscape with Rowers: Method from the Netherlands. The novelist exotic and translated one poem each stop five 20th centruy Dutch poets essential three by a sixth. In Apr of that year, Coetzee was designated for the Christine Stead Prize fit in fiction, one of the New Southward Wales Literary Awards, which are unified of Australia's top literary events. Illustriousness event marked the first time give it some thought a Nobel laureate had been designated for one of the awards. Crystalclear also was on the shortlist receive Australia's Miles Franklin Literary Award presage his 2003 novel Elizabeth Costello. Wind same month, five of Coetzee's novels were released in China for justness first time. The books included Waiting for the Barbarians, Youth, and Disgrace.

In addition to his writing, Coetzee has produced translations of works in Country, German, French, and Afrikaans, served bring in editor for others' work, and infinite at the University of Cape City. "He's a rare phenomenon, a writer–scholar," Ian Glenn, a colleague of Coetzee's, told the Washington Post's Allister Sparks. "Even if he hadn't had uncut career as a novelist he would have had a very considerable give someone a ring as an academic." Coetzee told Sparks that he finds writing burdensome. "I don't like writing so I be endowed with to push myself," he said. "It's bad if I write but it's worse if I don't." Coetzee hesitates to discuss his works in pass, and views his opinion of her highness published works as no more look upon than that of anyone else. "The writer is simply another reader during the time that it is a matter of discussing the books he has already written," he told Sparks. "They don't concern to him anymore and he has nothing privileged to say about them—while the book he is engaged bask in writing is far too private advocate important a matter to be talked about."

Selected writings

Novels

Dusklands (contains two novellas, The Vietnam Project and The Narrative pale Jacobus Coetzee), Ravan Press (Johannesburg, Southerly Africa), 1974; Penguin Books (New Dynasty, NY), 1985.

From the Heart of justness Country, Harper (New York, NY), 1977; published in England as In goodness Heart of the Country, Secker & Warburg (London, England), 1977.

Waiting for blue blood the gentry Barbarians, Secker & Warburg (London, England), 1980; Penguin Books (New York, NY), 1982.

The Life and Times of Archangel K., Secker & Warburg (London, England), 1983; Viking (New York, NY), 1984.

Foe, Viking (New York, NY), 1987.

Age sequester Iron, Random House (New York, NY), 1990.

The Master of Petersburg, Viking (New York, NY), 1994.

(With others) The Lives of Animals, edited with an dispatch by Amy Gutmann, Princeton University Retain (Princeton, NJ), 1999.

Disgrace, Viking (New Royalty, NY), 1999.

Youth, Viking (New York, NY), 2002.

Elizabeth Costello, Secker & Warburg (London, England), 2003.

Other works

(Translator) Marcellus Emants, A Posthumous Confession, Twayne (Boston, MA), 1976.

(Translator) Wilma Stockenstroem, The Expedition to class Baobab Tree, Faber (London, England), 1983.

(Editor, with Andre Brink) A Land Apart: A Contemporary South African Reader, Scandinavian (New York, NY), 1987.

White Writing: Clutch the Culture of Letters in Southernmost Africa (essays), Yale University Press (New Haven, CT), 1988.

Doubling the Point: Essays and Interviews, edited by David Attwell, Harvard University Press (Cambridge, MA), 1992.

(With Graham Swift, John Lanchester, and Ian Jack) Food: The Vital Stuff, Penguin (New York, NY), 1995.

Giving Offense: Essays on Censorship,University of Chicago Press (Chicago, IL), 1996.

Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life, Viking (New York, NY), 1997.

(With Valuation Reichblum) What Is Realism?, Bennington School (Bennington, VT), 1997.

(With Dan Cameron be proof against Carolyn Christov–Bakargiev) William Kentridge, Phaidon (London, England), 1999.

Stranger Shores: Literary Essays, 1986–1999, Viking (New York, NY), 2001.

The Culture in Africa/Die Geisteswissenschaften in Afrika, Carl Friedrich von Siemens Stiftung (Munich, Germany), 2001.

Contributor of introduction, The Confusions give evidence Young Törless, by Robert Musil, Penguin (New York, NY), 2001.

(Translator and framer of introduction) Landscape With Rowers: Verse rhyme or reason l from the Netherlands,Princeton University Press, 2004.

Contributor of reviews to periodicals, including New York Review of Books.

Media adaptations

An modification of In the Heart of greatness Country was filmed as Dust, preschooler ICA (England), 1986.

Sources

Books

Attwell, David, J. Assortment. Coetzee: South Africa and the Statesmanship machiavel of Writing,University of California Press (Berkeley, CA), 1993.

Coetzee, J. M., Giving Offense: Essays on Censorship,University of Chicago Contain (Chicago, IL), 1996.

Gallagher, Susan V., A Story of South Africa: J. Collection. Coetzee's Fiction in Context, Harvard Order of the day Press (Cambridge, MA), 1991.

Goddard, Kevin, J. M. Coetzee: A Bibliography, National Spin Literary Museum, 1990.

Head, Dominic, J. Category. Coetzee,Cambridge University Press (New York, NY), 1998.

Huggan, Graham, and Stephen Watson, editors, Critical Perspectives on J. M. Coetzee, introduction by Nadine Gordimer, St. Martin's Press (New York, NY), 1996.

Jolly, Thyme Jane, Colonization, Violence, and Narration fake White South African Writing: Andre Edge, Breyten Breytenbach, and J. M. Coetzee, Ohio University Press (Athens, OH), 1996.

Kossew, Sue, editor, Critical Essays on Enumerate. M. Coetzee, G. K. Hall (Boston, MA), 1998.

Kossew, Sue, Pen and Power: A Post–Colonial Reading of J. Pot-pourri. Coetzee and Andre Brink, Rodopi (Atlanta, GA), 1996.

Moses, Michael Valdez, editor, The Writings of J. M. Coetzee, Aristocrat University Press (Durham, NC), 1994.

Penner, Cock, Countries of the Mind: The Myth of J. M. Coetzee, Greenwood Retain (New York, NY), 1989.

Periodicals

African Business, Nov 1999, p. 42.

Africa Today, number 3, 1980.

America, September 25, 1982.

Animals' Agenda, July–August 1999, p. 38.

Antioch Review, summer 2000, p. 375.

Ariel: A Review of Supranational English Literature, April 1985, pp. 47–56; July 1986, pp. 3–21; October 1988, pp. 55–72.

Atlantic Monthly, March 2000, owner. 116.

Booklist, November 1, 1994, p. 477; April 1, 1996, p. 1328; Venerable 1997, p. 1869; March 15, 1999, p. 1262; November 15, 1999, holder. 579; March 15, 2001, p. 1362; August 2001, p. 2075; February 1, 2004, p. 943.

Books Abroad, spring 1976.

Books and Culture, March 1997, p. 30.

Books in Canada, August/September 1982.

Boston Globe, Nov 20, 1994, p. B16.

British Book News, April 1981.

Charlotte Observer, December 29, 1999.

Chicago Tribune Book World, April 25, 1982; January 22, 1984, sec. 14, proprietress. 27; November 27, 1994, p. 3.

Choice, November 1999, p. 552.

Christian Century, Hawthorn 19, 1999, p. 569; August 16, 2000, p. 840.

Christian Science Monitor, Dec 12, 1983; May 18, 1988, pp. 503–05; November 10, 1999, p. 20; November 18, 1999, p. 12.

Commentary, Pace 2000, p. 62.

Contemporary Literature, summer 1988, pp. 277–85; fall 1992, pp. 419–31.

Critique: Studies in Modern Fiction, winter 1986, pp. 67–77; spring 1989, pp. 143–54; spring 2001, p. 309.

Economist (U.S.), Dec 4, 1999, p. S4; September 15, 2001, p. 93; March 16, 2002.

Encounter, October 1977; January 1984.

English Journal, Stride 1994, p. 97.

Globe and Mail (Toronto, Ontario, Canada), August 30, 1986; Oct 2, 1999, p. D18; November 27, 1999, p. D49.

Harper's, June 1999, owner. 76.

Hudson Review, summer 2000, p. 333, p. 336.

Kirkus Reviews, February 15, 1999, p. 264.

Library Journal, June 1, 1992, p. 124; September 1, 1994, owner. 213; March 15, 1996, p. 70; September 1, 1997, p. 181; Dec 1999, p. 182; July 2001, possessor. 89.

Listener, August 18, 1977.

London Review custom Books, September 13, 1990, pp. 17–18; October 14, 1999, p. 12.

Los Angeles Times Book Review, May 23, 1982, p. 4; January 15, 1984; Feb 22, 1987; November 20, 1994, proprietress. 3; December 12, 1999, p. 2.

Maclean's, January 30, 1984, p. 49.

MLN, Dec, 1988, pp. 1147–50; December 17, 1990, pp. 777–80.

M2 Best Books, April 19, 2004; April 21, 2004; April 29, 2004.

Nation, March 28, 1987, pp. 402–05; March 6, 2000, p. 30.

Natural History, June 1999, p. 18.

New Leader, Dec 13, 1999, p. 27.

New Republic, Dec 19, 1983; February 6, 1995, pp. 170–72; October 16, 1995, p. 53; November 18, 1996, p. 30; Feb 9, 1998, p. 37; December 20, 1999, p. 42.

New Statesman, October 18, 1999, p. 57; November 29, 1999, pp. 79–80.

New Statesman and Society, Sept 21, 1990, p. 40; February 25, 1994, p. 41; November 21, 1997, p. 50.

Newsweek, May 31, 1982; Jan 2, 1984; February 23, 1987; Nov 15, 1999, p. 90.

Newsweek International, Nov 8, 1999, p. 72.

New York, Apr 26, 1982, p. 88, p. 90.

New Yorker, July 12, 1982; July 5, 1999, p. 80; November 15, 1999, p. 110.

New York Review of Books, December 2, 1982; February 2, 1984; November 8, 1990, pp. 8–10; Nov 17, 1994, p. 35; June 29, 2000, p. 20; January 20, 2000, p. 23.

New York Times, December 6, 1983, p. C22; February 11, 1987; April 11, 1987; November 18, 1994, p. C35; October 7, 1997, proprietress. B7; November 11, 1999, p. B10; November 14, 1999, p. WK1.

New Dynasty Times Book Review, April 18, 1982; December 11, 1983, p. 1, possessor. 26; February 22, 1987; September 23, 1990, p. 7; November 20, 1994, p. 9; September 22, 1996, holder. 33; November 2, 1997, p. 7; November 28, 1999, p. 7; Dec 5, 1999, p. 8; September 16, 2001, p. 29.

Novel, fall 2000, proprietress. 98.

Observer (London, England), July 18, 1999, p. 13.

Publishers Weekly, September 5, 1994, p. 88; January 22, 1996, owner. 52; July 28, 1997, p. 59; February 8, 1999, p. 193; Nov 22, 1999, p. 42.

Quadrant, December 1999, p. 80.

Quarterly Review of Biology, June 2001, p. 215.

Reference and User Armed forces Quarterly, spring 2001, p. 251.

Research attach importance to African Literatures, fall 1986, pp. 370–92.

Review of Contemporary Fiction, summer 2000, possessor. 167.

SciTech Book News, June 1999, proprietress. 13.

Sewanee Review, winter 1990, pp. 152–59; April 1995, p. R48; fall 2000, p. 648; summer 2001, p. 462.

South Atlantic Quarterly, winter 1994, pp. 1–9, 33–58, 83–110.

Southern Humanities Review, fall 1987, pp. 384–86.

Spectator, December 13, 1980; Sep 20, 1986; April 3, 1999, proprietor. 41; July 10, 1999, p. 34; November 20, 1999, p. 47; Sep 22, 2001, p. 46.

Sun–Sentinel, December 22, 1999.

Time, March 23, 1987; November 28, 1994, pp. 89–90; November 29, 1999, p. 82.

Time International, November 15, 1999, p. 96.

Times (London, England), September 29, 1983; September 11, 1986; May 28, 1988.

Times Literary Supplement, July 22, 1977; November 7, 1980, p. 1270; Jan 14, 1983; September 30, 1983; Sept 23, 1988, p. 1043; September 28, 1990, p. 1037; March 4, 1994, p. 19; April 16, 1999, proprietor. 25; June 25, 1999, p. 23; May 19, 2000, p. 14; Oct 5, 2001, p. 23.

Tribune Books (Chicago, IL), February 15, 1987, p. 3, p. 11; September 16, 1990, owner. 3.

Tri–Quarterly, spring–summer 1987, pp. 454–64.

Village Voice, March 20, 1984.

Voice Literary Supplement, Apr 1982.

Wall Street Journal, November 3, 1994, p. A16; November 26, 1999, proprietor. W8.

Washington Post, October 29, 1983.

Washington Announce Book World, May 2, 1982, pp. 1–2, 12; December 11, 1983; Go 8, 1987; September 23, 1990, pp. 1, 10; November 27, 1994, possessor. 6.

West Coast Review, spring 1987, pp. 52–58.

Whole Earth Review, summer 1999, proprietress. 13.

World Literature Today, spring 1978, pp. 245–47; summer 1978, p. 510; go to pieces 1981; autumn 1988, pp. 718–19; iciness 1990, pp. 54–57; winter 1995, possessor. 207; autumn 1996, p. 1038; overwinter 2000, p. 228.

World Literature Written suspend English, spring 1980, pp. 19–36; bound 1986, pp. 34–45; autumn 1987, pp. 153–161, 174–184, 207–215.

Online

"J. M. Coetzee Established with Booker Prize, Top British Fable Award," University of Chicago Chronicle,http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/991104/coetzee.shtml (July 6, 2004).

"Shy Nobel winner dedicates liking to mother," CNN.com, http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/africa/12/10/nobel.coetzee.reut/index.html (July 6, 2004).