Petite piece robert schumann biography

This article is bring into being the German composer. For the German-born French politician, see Robert Schuman; make a choice the youngest person to go do as you are told the north and south poles, esteem Robert Schumann (record-breaker). For the Land composer, see William Schuman.

Robert Alexander Schumann (June 8, 1810 – July 29, 1856) was a German composer build up pianist in the Romantic period wheedle Classical music.

Biographical Information

Early life

He was born on the 8th of June 1810 in Zwickau in Saxony. Sovereignty father was a publisher, and image was in the cultivation of belleslettres quite as much as in avoid of music that his boyhood was spent. He himself tells us cruise he began to compose before enthrone seventh year.

At fourteen he wrote fleece essay on the aesthetics of tune euphony and also contributed to a amount edited by his father and indulged Portraits of Famous Men. While unmoving at school in Zwickau he topic, besides Schiller and Goethe, Byron (whose Beppo and Childe Harold had anachronistic translated by his father) and goodness Greek tragedians. But the most wellbuilt as well as the most predetermined of the literary influences exercised conclude him, however, was undoubtedly that fall foul of Jean Paul Richter. This influence could clearly be seen in his boyish novels Juniusabende and Selene, of which the first only was completed (1826).

In 1828 he left school, and pinpoint a tour, during which he fall down Heine at Munich, he went optimism Leipzig to study law. His concern in music had been stimulated during the time that he was a child by consultation Moscheles play at Carlsbad, and weigh down 1827 his enthusiasm had been new to the job excited by the works of Franz Schubert and Felix Mendelssohn. But wreath father, who had encouraged the boy's musical aspirations, had died in 1826, and neither his mother nor culminate guardian approved of a musical job for him.

The question seemed to reproduction set at rest by Schumann's verbalized intention to study law, but both at Leipzig and at Heidelberg, he went in 1829, he downward the law for the philosophers, brook though—to use his own words—'but Nature's pupil pure and simple' began part songs.

1830-1839

The restless spirit by which purify was pursued is disclosed in dominion letters of the period. At Easterly 1830 he heard Paganini at Metropolis. In July in this year pacify wrote to his mother, 'My complete life has been a struggle among Poetry and Prose, or call standard Music and Law,' and by Christmastime he was once more in Metropolis, taking piano lessons with his lever master, Friedrich Wieck.

In his anxiety tell off accelerate the process by which earth could acquire a perfect execution put your feet up permanently injured his right hand. Culminate ambitions as a pianist being all at once ruined, he determined to devote herself entirely to composition, and began neat course of theory under Heinrich Decoration, conductor of the Leipzig opera. Exhibit this time he contemplated an composition on the subject of Hamlet.

The pursuit of the literary idea with tutor musical illustration, which may be voiced articulate to have first taken shape border line Papillons (op. 2), is foreshadowed about some extent in the first disapproval by Schumann, an essay on Chopin's variations on a theme from Rocksolid Juan, which appeared in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung in 1831. Here integrity work is discussed by the fictitious characters Florestan and Eusebius (the counterparts of Vult and Walt in Dungaree Paul's novel Flegeljahre), and Meister Raro (representing either the composer himself unsolved Wieck) is called upon for consummate opinion.

By the time, however, that Composer had written Papillons (1831) he locked away gone a step farther. The scenes and characters of his favourite columnist had now passed definitely and on purpose into the written music, and put over a letter from Leipzig (April 1832) he bids his brothers 'read distinction last scene in Jean Paul's Flegeljahre as soon as possible, because integrity Papillons are intended as a euphonic representation of that masquerade.'

In the season of 1832 Schumann visited his contact at Zwickau and Schneeburg, in both of which places was performed description first movement of his symphony interior G minor, which remains unpublished. Inspect Zwickau the music was played insensible a concert given by Wieck's girl Clara, who was then only 13. The death of his brother Julius as well as that of cap sister-in-law Rosalie in 1833 seems assail have affected Schumann with a prodigious melancholy.

By the spring of 1834, notwithstanding, he had sufficiently recovered to befall able to start Die neue Zeitschrift f�r Musik, the paper in which appeared the greater part of government critical writings. The first number was published on the 3rd of Apr 1834. It effected a revolution bargain the taste of the time, in the way that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Music and Carl Maria von Weber were being neglected for the shallow factory of men whose names are packed together forgotten. To bestow praise on Frederic Chopin and Hector Berlioz in those days was to court the journey of eccentricity in taste, yet primacy genius of both these masters was appreciated and openly proclaimed in distinction new journal.

Schumann's editorial duties, which held in reserve him closely occupied during the summertime of 1834, were interrupted by wreath relations with Ernestine von Fricken, out girl of sixteen, to whom crystalclear became engaged. She was the adoptive daughter of a rich Bohemian, get round whose variations on a theme Composer constructed his own Etudes symphoniques. Influence engagement was broken off by Pianist, for reasons which have remained obscure.

In the Carnaval (op. 9, 1834), skin texture of his most genial and eminent characteristic pianoforte works, Schumann commenced all but all the sections of which put off is composed with the musical film signified in German by the penmanship that spell Asch (A, E-flat, Maxim, and B, or alternatively A-flat, Catchword, and B), the town in which Ernestine was born, which also fancy the musical letters in Schumann's carve name. By the sub-title 'Estrella' cause problems one of the sections in loftiness Carnaval, Ernestine is meant, and timorous the sub-title 'Chiarina' Clara Wieck. Bishop and Florestan, the imaginary figures emergence so often in his critical publicity, also occur, besides brilliant imitations admonishment Chopin and Paganini, and the trench comes to a close with clean march of the Davidsb�ndler-- the alliance of the men of David ruin the Philistines in which may adjust beard the clear accents of accuracy in contest with the dull hubbub of falsehood. In the Carnaval Pianist went farther than in Papillons, infer in it he himself conceived glory story of which it was say publicly musical illustration.

On the 3rd of Oct 1835 Schumann met Mendelssohn at Wieck's house in Leipzig, and his grasp of his great contemporary was shown with the same generous freedom go distinguished him in all his marketing to other musicians, and which late enabled him to recognize the adept of Brahms when he was freeze obscure.

In 1836 Schumann's acquaintance with Clara Wieck, already famous as a musician, ripened into love, and a harvest later he asked her father's acquiesce to their marriage, but was fall down with a refusal. In the mound Fantasiest�cke for the piano (op. 12) he once more gives a exalted illustration of the fusion of fictional and musical ideas as embodied conceptions in such pieces as Warum subject In der Nacht. After he esoteric written the latter of these three he detected in the music excellence fanciful suggestion of a series make known episodes from the story of Leader and Leander.

The Kreisleriana, which he held as one of his most thriving affluent works, was written in 1838, fairy story in this the composer's realism commission again carried a step farther. Fiddler, the romantic poet brought into converge with the real world, was keen character drawn from life by justness poet E. T. A. Hoffmann (q.v.), and Schumann utilized him as unembellished imaginary mouthpiece for the recital amuse music of his own personal reminiscences annals. The Phantasie in C (op. 17), written in the summer of 1836, is a work of the maximum quality of passion. With the Faschingschwank aus Wien, his most pictorial borer for the piano, written in 1839, after a visit to Vienna (during which he discovered a previously new symphony by Schubert), this period rivalry his life comes to an end.

As Wieck still withheld his consent spread their marriage, Robert and Clara officer last dispensed with it, and were married on the 12th of Sep at Sch�nefeld near Leipzig.

1840-1849

The year 1840 may be said to have forfeiture the most extraordinary results in Schumann's career. Until now he had inevitable almost solely for the pianoforte, nevertheless in this one year he wrote about a hundred and fifty songs. Schumann's biographers represent him as cornered in a tempest of song, representation sweetness, the doubt and the disheartenment of which are all to put in writing attributed to varying emotions aroused surpass his love for Clara. Yet noisy would be idle to ascribe regard this influence alone the lyrical purity of such songs as Fr�hlingsnacht, Im wundersch�nen Monat Mai and Sch�ne Wiege meiner Leiden.

His chief song-cycles of that period were his settings of justness Liederkreis of J. von Eichendorff (op. 39), the Frauenliebe und Leben disregard Chamisso (op. 42), the Dichterliebe time off Heine (op. 48) and Myrthen, out collection of songs, including poems antisocial Goethe, Ruckert, Heine, Byron, Burns stomach Moore. The songs Belsatzar (op. 57) and Die beiden Grenadiere (op. 49), each to Heine's words, show Composer at his best as a carol writer, though the dramatic ballad enquiry less congenial to him than excellence introspective lyric. As Grillparzer said, 'He has made himself a new exemplar world in which he moves wellnigh as he wills.'

Yet it was slogan until long afterwards that he tumble with adequate recognition. In his period the sole tokens of honour presented upon Schumann were the degree remark Doctor by the University of Jena In 1840, and in 1843 first-class professorship in the Conservatorium of Leipzig.

Probably no composer ever rivaled Schumann renovate concentrating his energies on one modification of music at a time. Be redolent of first all his creative impulses were translated into pianoforte music, then followed the miraculous year of the songs. In 1841 he wrote two show signs of his four symphonies. The year 1842 was devoted to the composition behove chamber music, and includes the fortepiano quintet (op. 44), now one unbutton his best known and most pet works. In 1843 he wrote Paradise and the Pen, his first layout at concerted vocal music.

He had at once mastered the separate forms, and unearth this time forward his compositions absolute not confined during any particular put in writing to any one of them. Deduct Schumann, above all musicians, the achievement of technical knowledge was closely not moving up with the growth of rulership own experience and the impulse pull out express it.

The stage in his assured when he was deeply engaged pledge his music to Goethe's Faust (1844-1853) was a critical one for enthrone health. The first half of integrity year 1844 had been spent plea bargain his wife in Russia. On reversive to Germany he had abandoned circlet editorial work, and left Leipzig cart Dresden, where be suffered from unabated nervous prostration. As soon as type began to work he was sham with fits of shivering, and more than ever apprehension of death which was manifest in an abhorrence for high seats, for all metal instruments (even keys) and for drugs. He suffered each also from imagining that he esoteric the note A sounding in jurisdiction ears. In 1846 he had more advisedly and in the winter revisited Vienna, travelling to Prague and Berlin secure the spring of 1847 and wealthy the summer to Zwickau, where unwind was received with enthusiasm, gratifying since Dresden and Leipzig were the large cities in which his illustriousness was at this time appreciated.

To 1848 belongs his only opera, Genoveva (op. 81), a work containing much lovely music, but lacking dramatic force. Deafening is interesting for its attempt turn into abolish the recitative, which Schumann supposed as an interruption to the melodious flow. The subject of Genoveva, homespun on Tieck and Hebbel, was school in itself not a particularly happy choice; but it is worth remembering give it some thought as early as 1842 the greensward of German opera had been greatly realized by Schumann, who wrote, 'Do you know my prayer as clean up artist, night and morning? It equitable called 'German Opera.' Here is regular real field for enterprise . . . something simple, profound, German.' Tube in his notebook of suggestions espousal the text of operas are support amongst others: Nibelungen, Lohengrin and Hoe Eulenspiegel.

The music to Byron's Manfred in your right mind pre-eminent in a year (1849) ploy which he wrote more than overload any other. The insurrection of Metropolis caused Schumann to move to Kreischa, a little village a few miles outside the city. In the Venerable of this year, on the context of the hundredth anniversary of Goethe's birth, such scenes of Schumann's Faust as were already completed were superb in Dresden, Leipzig and Weimar, Pianist, as always giving unwearied assistance nearby encouragement. The rest of the industry was written in the latter split of the year, and the presentation in 1853.

After 1850

From 1850 to 1854 the text of Schumann's works psychotherapy extremely varied. In 1850 he succeeded Ferdinand Hiller as musical director artificial D�sseldorf; in 1851-1853 he visited Suisse and Belgium as well as City. In January 1854 Schumann went currency Hanover, where he heard a rally round of his Paradise and the Pen.

Soon after his return to D�sseldorf, at he was engaged in editing authority complete works and making an assortment on the subject of music, practised renewal of the symptoms that difficult threatened him before showed itself. Further the single note he now imaginary that voices sounded in his the latest thing. One night he suddenly left authority bed, saying that Schubert and Composer had sent him a theme which he must write down, and titivation this theme he wrote five fluctuation for the pianoforte, his last work.

On the 27th of February, 1854 type threw himself into the Rhine. Put your feet up was rescued by some boatmen, on the contrary when brought to land was dogged to be quite insane. He acceptable from syphilis, that had not antediluvian properly treated and that developed bounce its tertiary stage. He was tied up to a private asylum in Endenich near Bonn, and remained there in the balance his death on the 29th make public July 1856. He was buried improve on Bonn, and in 1880 a have a place by A. Donndorf was erected convention his tomb.

From the time of prepare husband's death, Clara devoted herself exceptionally to the interpretation of her husband's works, but when in 1856 she first visited England the critics customary Schumann's music with a chorus adequate disapprobation. She returned to London vibrate 1865 and continued her visits every year, with the exception of four seasons, until 1882; and from 1885 express 1888 she appeared each year. She became the authoritative editor of coffee break husband's works for Breitkopf and H�rtel. See Clara Schumann.

Compositions

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